The Southern African Development Community intervention force in the mission in the DRC is outgunned and outmanned.

Expert defends South Africa's presence in the DRC, emphasising its role in regional peacekeeping efforts and the protection of national interests.

They may be on opposite sides of the Congolese battlefield only by proxy, but Pretoria and Kigali are now trading undiplomatic warnings. The war in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is also stirring up old disputes between the two countries.

President Cyril Ramaphosa remains in direct contact with the presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and of Rwanda, the perceived backer of the M23 rebels

President Cyril Ramaphosa has addressed growing speculation about the conditions faced by South African troops deployed in the DRC.

Kagame's comments clearly suggested that he wants South Africa to back off from DR Congo, where its military involvement dates back to the late 1990s. It first joined the UN's peacekeeping mission, Monusco, following the end of the racist system of apartheid in 1994.

The Rwandan president accused president Cyril Ramaphosa and officials of distorting talks between the two, calling it a mix of attacks, lies, and misrepresentation

Rwanda President Paul Kagame has warned South Africa that although Rwanda prefers peace, it will, without doubt, respond to any “confrontation” from any force that threatens its sovereignty or defence forces.